Tech Disruptions

Connexions – An Open Source Information Repository

Context: Cathie&Elliot –  that’s their identify now – were in Mumbai for the T4E Conference where they met up with Sidney Burrus, a professor at Rice Univ in Houston.

Cathie: That was a really interesting conversation with Sidney Burrus about Rice’s Connexions open source information repository.
Elliot: We fly 14 hours, half-way round the world, to Mumbai, India, to meet a fellow Texan.
Cathie: That’s the way it always is! And YOU are not a "fellow Texan" Mr Michigander!
Elliot:  Picky, picky, picky Ms Born-in-upstate-New York... If electrons had to fly economy, sandwiched between the plane’s only working lavatory and a shower-challenged weight-lifter, it wouldn’t be such a flat earth!
Cathie: Ha, Ha, Ha… that image allows you to be a fellow Texan.
Elliot: A dubious honor, but let's just get on with it... I hadn’t heard about Connexions before chatting with Sidney at the Technology 4 Education Conference at the IIT in Bombay
Cathie: Neither had I but for K-12, Connexions may well be an important resource for K-12.
Elliot: Yes, Connexions is the largest open source educational repository in the world.
Cathie: It is XML-based and thus in principle, the material should be formatable for the small screen of a mobile device
Elliot: Yes, Sidney said that Connexions will have the ability to output documents in ePub format in the next two months.
Cathie: In effect, Connexions is a validated Wikipedia.
Elliot: That is cool! Wikipedia is one of the top 5 visited website on the Internet…
Cathie: .. and, clearly, it is a valuable information resource for millions and millions of people the world over…
Elliot: … and yet it is banned from most U.S. K-12 schools.
Cathie: But perhaps, K-12 schools will allow students to visit Connexions precisely because it has validated content.
Elliot: Well, not all material is validated; only if an author requests it will his/her contribution go through the vetting process.
Cathie:  In any case, there is still a wealth of useful information out there for students that schools can use for free. 
Elliot: Folks…. Have you ever heard of Connexions? Should we recommend it as a K-12 resource?

Cellphones Give Voice to the Unvoiced

Elliot: Mobile technologies are truly empowering. From striking auto workers in China to political activists in Africa, the little cellphone is giving all sorts of folks a way to change their world.
Cathie: I saw in the New York Times a
of the striking Chinese autoworkers use their cellphones to take pictures of security guards roughing up demonstrators…
Elliot: .. and then they post those pictures for the world to see. The Chinese autoworkers are using the text messaging to keep their colleagues up on what is going on since the government is closing down online chat facilities.
Cathie: In the past, it was the typewriter and mimeograph machine that helped union organizers spread the word.
Elliot; But today, it is the web and ubiquitous digital devices such as the cellphone. And in Kenya, in response to a request by an activist being harassed by authorizes, techies set up a website so that anyone can, using text messaging, post a note & location about “violence and other misdeeds.”
Cathie: Yes, yes – the technology is called Ushahidi, which in Swahili means “testimony.”
Elliot:  During the Haitian earthquake, the Ushahidi Open Source website technology was instrumental in saving the lives of individuals trapped by the earthquake.
Cathie: The Chinese autoworkers should be using the Ushahidi technology!
Elliot: Indeed, they should – they probably just don’t know about it.
Cathie: How can we tell them?
Elliot: Step 1 – learn Chinese. Sorry, this isn’t a joking matter.
Cathie: While the earth is indeed flat, many more connections still need to be made.

Movable Schools: 1900 and 2000 (more or less)

Context: Cathie and Elliot gave a keynote address at the first Global Learn Asia Pacific Conference held in Penang, Malaysia. While the temperature was a constant 90+ degrees F, and the humidity was a constant 4,000,000%, researchers from across the globe gathered to talk about learning on the Planet Earth. While representation from Asia, no surprise, was considerable, about half of the attendees were from outside of Asia. That said, no longer is the U.S. the center of research on learning and technology. At the conference we met Paul Kim, a researcher from Stanford University, and heard about his exciting efforts in mobile learning.

Elliot: Paul Kim is doing terrific work!
Cathie: Slow down, slow down… you have to explain yourself
Elliot: Yes, you are right but it was so exciting to meet Paul and hear what he is doing.
Cathie: Besides doing world-class research in mobile learning, Paul is on a humanitarian mission – he works in the most challenging situations in the most challenged developing nations.
Elliot: cough, cough, that wasn’t quite PC.
Cathie: Ah yes, at Global Learn we learned that the term “developing nation” is not politically correct. Elliot: Yes, the PC term is “Global South”…
Cathie: … that’s the term for today - and tomorrow it will be something else.
Elliot: Right – though how we refer to it may change, the challenges remain constant.
Cathie: We don’t hear much about the digital divide these days, but it is alive and well both in the Global South and right here in the US of A.
Elliot: But mobile technologies – low-cost, easy to use devices…
Cathie: … are our best chance at eliminating that digital divide.
Elliot: Indeed, by his actions, that is what Paul believes.
Cathie: Paul has taken his “PocketSchool” idea…
Elliot… and his mobile devices…
Cathie: … and gone to Rwanda, Burundi, India, Kenya, Mexico, Costa Rica, Israel, Uganda, USA, S. Korea, Philippines, and El Salvador…
Elliot: .. plus other countries that he didn’t put on the list. That young man has a lot of energy!
Cathie: Paul’s PocketSchool is the modern recreation off the Tuskegee Institutes’ Movable School inspired by Booker T. Washington and implemented by Thomas Monroe Campbell back in 1906, where the school went to where the students were in isolated – and poor – towns, villages, and hamlets in America’s South.
Elliot:  And 100 years later, Paul is taking his PocketSchool to the isolated – and poor -- towns, villages, and hamlets in the Global South.
Cathie: But, Paul can leave behind his PocketSchool since the devices are low maintenance, low cost, and easy to use.
Elliot: Folks, check out Paul’s work. He is doing a fantastic job! In the April Issue of Fast Company, Paul’s work was highlighted. Also check out the description of his work in India.
Cathie: 100 years later and all this virtualization and wireless technologies – and educators still must take to the road to deliver education to learners.
Elliot: There’s a lesson lurking there….
Cathie: Right.  The more things change the more they stay the same!

iPads, Electronic Whiteboards, Etc. – How is a Superintendent Supposed to Make a Decision?

Elliot: Ray Ozzie, Chief Software Architect for Microsoft must have read our blog about the iPad!
Cathie: Really? Why do you think that?
Elliot: Ozzie said, in effect, that the iPad supports consumption rather than creation.
Cathie: Elliot, I hate to tell you this, probably Ozzie figured it out for himself – since that is the general take on the iPad.  If you want to listen to music, watch a video, surf the web, the iPad supports you; if you want to create music, create a video, well, that’s not a task for the iPad.
Elliot: Hmm… Ok… well, at least then we weren’t wrong in our blog post! 
Cathie: You certainly can roll with the punches!
Elliot: I suppose then our comments about Electronic Whiteboards being  devices more suited to supporting stand-up-and-lecture style instruction are also old-hat?
Cathie: Yes and no. An article in the Washington Post just appeared that reported educators echoing our position. But, the article went on to say that districts were spending millions of dollars on Electronic Whiteboards.
Elliot: And, I am hearing that districts are buying iPad labs!
Cathie: I am sympathetic to the plight of school administrators. Techies…
Elliot: .. you mean WE Techies…
Cathie: … YOU are a techie, remember, I was a classroom teacher for 14 years…
Elliot: I am a classroom teacher!
Cathie: Teaching college students is not like teaching middle school; that’s a whole different kettle of fish.
Elliot: “Kettle of fish”? That’s from the 50’s!
Cathie:  My mother used to say that… but let’s stay focused here… As I was saying, techies dump out products and it is really hard for school administrators to sort through and pick the wheat from the chaff and translate techie-talk into educational practice.
Elliot: So, buying electronic whiteboards is a safe decision; electronic whiteboards aren’t going to increase student achievement – but then again, they aren’t going to cause a decrease in student achievement.
Cathie: And buying iPads is a safe decision. They are popular; they are elegant; there are thousands of apps you can buy; they are made by Apple… therefore they must have some educational application.
Elliot: Between the kettle of fish and the wheat, this blog is definitely food for thought.
Cathie: Very good – on all accounts. Yes, we techies…
Elliot: … I knew it!!...
Cathie: … need to do a better job of helping school administrators identify technologies that are truly educationally beneficial.
Elliot: That’s definitely a harder task than making up clever banter!
Cathie: And one that WE techies should not shy away from!

How Smarthphones are Changing the Nature of Conversation

Context: One night Cathie and Elliot had dinner with Cathie's son Michael and wife Amy. During the dinner conversation, Michael used his iPhone, which was seemingly implanted into his hand. The very next day Cathie and Elliot had lunch with Berj Akian, CEO of Classlink who also had an iPhone embedded in the palm of his hand. Here are Cathie and Elliot's reflections on those mealtime experiences:

Elliot: Michael used his iPhone to contribute something to each twist and turn of our dinnertime conversation.
Cathie: When we discussed weather in Phoenix, St. Helena (CA), and Ann Arbor, Michael displayed average temps, rainfall, etc. for each of the cities.
Elliot: And when we discussed the location of our favorite city, Michael showed us exactly where in world Pinetop, AZ really was on a very readable and scrollable map.
Cathie: And when we were talking about the cost of buying a vacation home he used the calculator to dive into the true costs…
Elliot: … and it turned out that it would be cheaper to move into the Ritz Hotel!
Cathie: My son has champagne tastes…
Elliot: … He comes by them honestly…
Cathie: And Berj did the same thing at lunch the next day with his iPhone hand-implant.
Elliot: When we were discussing the cost of installing wifi in a school building…
Cathie: … and he quickly ginned up some calculations.
Elliot: And when we discussed a company's product, instead of me guessing at what the product's specs were…
Cathie: … Berj visited the company's website to get more specific info.
Elliot: I would have been right in my speculations, by the way.
Cathie: No you wouldn't.
Elliot: You're right.
Cathie: And didn't you share with me a picture of your college-age daughter sleeping with her iPhone?
Elliot: <laughing> Yes, my Princess Emma set her MacBook to take a picture as she was sleeping with her iPhone implant. She uses her iPhone all the time to look things up while I am talking with her.

Cathie: Remember the teacher in Nebraska who raved about his Android phone - being the only device he needs to carry. His Android GPS actually talks to him and he was fact-checking YOUR numbers during our presentation.
Elliot: He didn't say I was wrong or anything.. Phew. Made it….
Cathie: …This time… or maybe he was too polite.
Elliot: But, neither Michael nor Berj seemed in the least put out by both participating in the conversation and looking things up on their mobiles.
Cathie: Yes, never before has someone been able to reach out into the vast information network to pluck out information relevant to the conversation so quickly and easily. 
Elliot: This is a problem for me.
Cathie: What?  You can't just make stuff up any longer because you'll get called out??
Elliot: I DON'T MAKE STUFF UP!
Cathie: Methinks he doth protest too much… I wonder how many educators do the same thing on a regular basis with their mobiles?
Elliot:  Excellent question!
Cathie: Goodnight Elliot.

So, for K12, why is mobile technology different than any other technology?

Elliot: The April 29th, 2010 Live Webinar hosted by District Administration on “Mobile Learning using Smartphones: Why and How” is now available for viewing.
Cathie: So, if you weren’t able to attend or you were locked out due to the webinar hitting its maximum allowable logins, here‘is your opportunity to listen to three district leaders in mobile learning …
Elliot: …with Cathie and me adding color commentary…
Cathie: … describe key experiences their districts have had in rolling out mobile learning devices for 1:1, 24/7 use.
Elliot: !! Jargon watch-Jargon watch!!  A mobile learning device – or MLD – is a smartphone that has had its texting and voice functionalities turned off. In a previous blog posting, we called such devices “cellphone computers.”
Cathie: We have heard from educators that they prefer to use MLD rather than cellphone computer since the latter raises flags in some parents’ minds.
Elliot:  ARGH! Parents just don’t trust the kids!
Cathie: Careful, careful… “some” parents...  And, by the same token, some parents …
Elliot : … and some educators …
Cathie: … don’t trust the school and the educators!
Elliot: The title - “You Gave Them What!?” – of Tom Phillips’ webinar presentation echoes that concern. Cathie: Tom is Superintendent of Watkins Glen schools in NY. There are about 200 MLDs in play in 5th and 7th grade in Tom’s district.
Elliot: The two other panelists were Kyle Menchoffer, Technology Coordinator in St. Marys, Ohio schools where almost 700 MLDs are in daily use…
Cathie:…and Lenny Schad, CIO of Katy, TX schools where about 160 MLDs are in use at Cimarron Elementary School. 
Elliot: The webinar conversation was rich with concrete examples from the educators on how MLDs were being integrated into their daily curriculum and what impact the devices were having on teaching and learning. You did a great job kicking the conversation off by providing a rationale for why MLDs are having such a powerful impact on learners in K12.
Cathie: But the last question you posed to the panel – “why is mobile technology different than other technologies? – really went to core of mobile learning.
Elliot: I wish I could take credit for the question – it was a perfect way to wrap things up. But that question was sent in by an anonymous webinar listener – I wish I could personally thank her or him for sending in such a pithy and succinctly-worded question!  As a teaser for the whole broadcast, in what follows we will report on the panelists’ responses to that last question. I transcribed the panelists responses…
Cathie: .. word for word, exactly?
Elliot: … well, not exactly…
Cathie: … oh gosh..
Elliot: … it’s close enough…
Cathie: … so you say…
Elliot: Ok, when you are right… you are right.
Cathie: Oy!
Elliot: I will just summarize the points they made rather than give a semi-verbatim transcript.
Cathie: There is no such thing as “semi-verbatim” – it is verbatim or it is not verbatim.
Elliot: <Hands clapped around ears>  I can’t hear you.
Cathie: <deep sigh, raised eyebrows, roll of the eyes> Ok, do give us the semi-verbatim report.
Elliot: Portability. That’s the first key. If a student can take their device with them, 24/7, and if it is instant on, then it is easy to relate  what they learn in school to what they do outside of school through the use of pictures, video, audio, textual recordings. And, the student can bring those outside-of-school experiences back inside school to share with their peers and their teachers. Can’t do that with paper-and-pencil; can’t even do that with a laptop.  The second key is motivation –  in using the mobile technology, the students are motivated to make an extra effort in doing their school work.
Cathie: You definitely captured the spirit of Tom, Kyle, and Lenny’s responses. But I urge our readers: listen to this recording; besides the actual detail in their words, the energy and the passion behind their responses is palpable…
Elliot: … and infectious! Really, folks, listening to this webinar is an hour well spent.
Cathie: Here’s how to listen to the webinar:
1. Go to: http://www.districtadministration.com/webseminars/webseminararchive.aspx#40
2. You will see a paragraph under: Using smartphones in K12 classrooms today: From why to how
3. Click on “Watch Now” at the bottom of the paragraph.
4. You will need to register with District Administration to access the webinar. That registration page will pop up and you will need to fill it out.
5. There is a wizard you need to run to make sure your computer can handle “Wimba”  functionality (e.g., audio output, Java runtime).
6. Windows will pop open, just be patient.
7. A dialogue box will open; it looks like a login/password request but it isn’t. You may type your name into the lower box. Or your dog’s name.
8. More action will ensue on your screen; you are ever so close now. Make sure your speakers are on or your headphones are on.
9. And Bingo! The Webinar will start. You can skip around using the navigation bar on the right, going back to hear a particularly pithy passage, for example.
Elliot: Please, folks, after listening to the webinar, feel free to add your thoughts to this blog posting! 

Cellphones are an Appendage

Elliot:  Last month the Kaiser Family Foundation issued a report on teens and cellphones. So now the Pew Foundation weighs in with another report…
Cathie: … and they both document the same basic phenomenon: For all intents and purposes, cellphone ownership amongst teens is 100% and spreading quickly to the younger crowd, and cellphone usage is just about 100% during the teens’ waking, non-school,  moments.
Elliot: Calling it a “cellphone” as we have said before, is a misnomer. Teens use the cellphone to play music, send texts…
Cathie: The Pew report says that teens make 5 voice calls a day but send 10 times that number of texts!
Elliot: Today’s youth are definitely not the “digital generation.”
Cathie: Yes, the “digital generation” used computers to play games…
Elliot: .. but for today’s “mobile generation” the mobile computer enables them to connect to each other, to connect to parents and employers, to connect to the global marketplace in which they are situated…
Cathie:  … yes, as well as do computing type things like play games.
Elliot: To the mobile generation, the cellphone is almost another appendage!
Cathie: And yet, there is no shortage of tsk, tsk, tsking amongst adults.
Elliot: You are referring to the alarmist article in this Sunday’s New York Times about the potential anti-social behavior of teens who are social-networking users…
Cathie: … If only we could go back to the Good Olde Days of the black telephone…
Elliot : … I bet you had a princess phone…
Cathie: … careful, careful… but yes I did – a baby, blue one.
Elliot:  We adults are wasting our breath…
Cathie: ..and newsprint; the Genie is out of the bottle.
Elliot: The Pew report talks about low SES youth paying hard-earned money to buy data plans for their smartphones so they can have a “connected computer” since their family’s don’t have one at home.
Cathie: Mobile technologies, unquestionably, are the way that we will eliminate the digital divide. Mobile technologies provide everyone access to the world wide network…
Elliot: Immediate access; unmediated access. And, increasingly – low-cost access!
Cathie: We would make great cheer leaders!
Elliot: I will not wear one of those short skirts!
Cathie: I was being metaphorical, silly.
Elliot: Oh, yeah, sure...
Cathie:  On the other hand...

Mobile Technology Helps All Students and Teachers

Elliot: I am still haunted by the eSchool News article reporting on studies showing that one-to-one classrooms are only as good as the teacher…
Cathie: In the hands of a good teacher, students perform well in one-to-one classrooms…
Elliot: … but in the hands of a struggling teacher, no gains are seen.
Cathie: Yes, we’ve talked about his article on several occasions; you are right, it is not a finding educational technology advocates want to see.
Elliot: This finding means that one-to-one is no different than any other classroom innovation. In the hands of a good teacher, the innovation works. Yawn.
Cathie: But technology should afford an advantage to all the students independent of the teacher. Technology is like the tide – it raises all the boats.
Elliot:  Kyle Peck, at his One-to-One Conference this past week in State College, PA suggested that technology is like a multiplier – some teachers can leverage it greatly, but at the core, it helps all teachers.
Cathie: The problem in the one-to-one classrooms in the studies is the implementation, not the technology per se.
Elliot: Absolutely! We know that technology engages students to work harder.
Cathie: How many times have we heard: “The boys write more when they use technology.”
Elliot: Or: “The boys will read ebooks but they won’t read paper-based books.”
Cathie: And, in Nan Chiau Primary School, in Singapore, the teacher was not a trained science teacher…
Elliot: … not only that, she wasn’t comfortable teaching science…
Cathie: … but her class scored higher on the science test than any of the other six 3rd grade classes!
Elliot: Technology does confer an advantage; technology does “raise all the boats.”
Cathie: It is tricky…
Elliot: … yes, you are right; it isn’t “just technology” it is technology that engages the students.
Cathie:  And I don’t think it is a coincidence that it is mobile technology that we are seeing engage students in school…
Elliot: … since it engages them, mightily, outside of school! The recently released Pew Report has a whole raft of stats about teen usage of mobile technology.
Cathie: Like… “Some 75 percent of 12-17 year-olds now own cell phones, up from 45 percent in 2004.”
Elliot: And essentially the Pew data are a year old already... so the percentage is probably close to 90%!
Cathie:  While the Pew report is all about the powerful role of texting in the lives of teens, two, female, 5th graders, at Haverstraw Middle School in Garnerville, NY who are using smartphones in their classroom equipped with educational software for writing, animating, concept mapping, eBook reading, etc. have this to say about texting:
“I actually started texting less now that I have this…” The ‘this’ refers to the smarthphone loaded with educational software.  And the second young lady had this to say (again, the ‘this’ refers to the smartphone loaded with educational software):
“It’s kinda more fun to go on the internet on this and experiment with it.. when I’m at home … instead of texting all day … doing nothing.”
Elliot: That’s it! Great quotes! Mobile technology in the classroom does confer an advantage to all teachers and all kids…
Cathie: … You’ll not hear me disagree… but we will hear that more studies need to be done…
Elliot: … and blah, blah, blah…
Cathie: Now, be nice, Elliot…
Elliot: I know, I know… <smiles coyly>

* Mobile Learning Bulletin * Mobile Learning Bulletin *

• Just in case you missed our blog posting…. EdWeek’s annual Technology Counts special section this year is devoted to Mobile Learning. We consider this a huge victory for Mobile Learning.  The writing is excellent; the coverage is broad; the implications are mind-boggling.
• A most provocative assessment of the learning2go project has just been posted on http://www.learning2go.org/ Click on “Downloads” in the left margin.  Click on: “Learning2Go Phase 4 Comparative Evaluation FULL VERSION 25/03/2010 16:19” and  “Learning2Go Phase 4 Comparative Evaluation Main Findings and Conclusions 25/03/2010 16:20”  (Don’t be upset, they weren’t published in the 25th month; the Brits, like other Euros, format their dates: Day/Month/Year. How logical of them; sheesh.)
• Scott Newcomb, a 4th grade teacher in St Marys, OH has just put up a website http://www.smriders.net/Mobile_Learning/  devoted to mobile learning. St Marys OH has more smartphones in daily use in the classroom than in any other district in the US so they know of what they post. (Wolverhampton’s learning2go has 900 smartphones in play – but St Marys, OH will move past them once the next school year begins.) Scott points out that he has already had visitors from Germany, Mexico, Canada, New Zealand, United States, Switzerland, Japan, Egypt, Australia, Austria and the UK. Mobile is truly Global.
• A perfect segue …  the theme of the upcoming SIIA Ed Tech Summit is: Going Mobile and Global, May 23-25, 2010, San Francisco. http://www.siia.net/etis/2010/ Your blog hosts, C&E, will be on a whole bunch of panels at this conference preaching the gospel (and that would be a trick for someone with a name like Elliot Soloway).
• And another perfect segue … the theme of an upcoming webinar hosted by District Administration Magazine is: “Using smartphones in K12 classrooms today: From why to how.” Thursday, April 29, 2010 2-3 pm ET. It is free (Yeah!) but you have to register – and the scuttlebutt is that the early birds have gobbled up the lion’s share of the available “seats” (Sigh!) so hurry on over to DA and snap up a spot (Yes!).  C&E are organizing and hosting this webinar; surprise, surprise.

What’s So Great about the iPad? Newseek - Everything; Cathie&Elliot - You must be kidding

Elliot: We have to have a blog about the iPad. That’s the only technology being discussed in the media.
Cathie: It is on the cover of Newsweek for heaven’s sake.
Elliot: I didn’t think you read that liberal rag.
Cathie: I don’t but 34 people clogged my inbox with emails with the Newsweek cover attached.
Elliot: Aww.. 33 of those were from me.
Cathie: No, 34 of them were but I was trying not to embarrass you.
Elliot: I just wanted to make sure you saw it!
Cathie: So, what’s your take on the iPad? Game changer or not?
Elliot: That’s a softball: NOT – to change the game a device has to truly be revolutionary…
Cathie: …but the media is saying that the iPad IS revolutionary.
Elliot: You are baiting me, I can tell; you don’t believe it is a game-changer any more than I do.
Cathie: <smiles sweetly>
Elliot: The Internet was a game-change.  Mobile IS a game-changer. The iPad is a clever mobile device that will find a niche market just like other clever mobile devices – or not.
Cathie: To be fair the iPad  is a very cool device for, say, business people on their short trips. Instead of dragging along their laptop, iPod and Kindle, they can do a little email, a little web browsing, watch movies, read books, and listen to music all on one relatively small, lightweight device.
Elliot: So, do you think the iPad is a game-changer for K-12 education?
Cathie: That’s a different story - don’t get me started!
Elliot: <watch this folks – for a little input, we are going to get a lot of output> Oh, pray tell?
Cathie: You are patronizing me…
Elliot: Who me?
Cathie: <dismissive roll of the eyes> If learning is watching and listening, then the iPad might be an interesting device for K-12 education, but learning is about creating and sharing. The iPad, with its lack of built-in, hard keyboard, its lack of document manager, its lack of remix capability, its lack…
Elliot: I get it – contrary to the media’s hype…
Cathie: …and how many times can that oh so thin device go in and out of a backpack before “it falls” and “its screen flexes” …
Elliot: … indeed you clearly do not believe it is a  game-changer in K-12. Me too.
Cathie: Yeah, but I bet you bought one anyhow.
Elliot: <blushing and grinning sheepishly> ABSOLUTELY - I HAD TO HAVE ONE!
Cathie: <dismissive roll of the eyes> You are so predictable.
Elliot: So, what is going to be the next gadget that the media hypes?
Cathie: The media should go into hiding for their unabashedly, biased-without-basis, blubbering about the iPad!
Elliot: Tell us what you really think. And don’t roll your eyes!
Cathie: Ha Ha Ha… TTFN